Frere Hall

Frere Hall, Karachi

Frere Hall is an iconic British colonial-era building in the Civil Lines area of Karachi constructed in 1865 during the British Rule in Sub Subcontinent. It was initially intended as a town hall during Colonial Karachi, however it now serves as an exhibition hall, library, and multipurpose space Located in the Civil Lines area of Karachi. Constructed between 1863 and 1865, Frere Hall was the largest building in Sindh at the time. It holds the distinction of being the first structure in Sindh region built in the Indo-Gothic style, a hallmark of British colonial architecture. This colonial monument was also home to the city's first library, marking it as a center of learning and culture.

The hall was named in honor of Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere, a British colonial administrator known for his efforts in promoting economic development and making the Sindhi language the official language of the region. Frere's tenure was marked by his dedication to public service, and he was revered by the local populace for his hard work and integrity.
The inception of Frere Hall dates back to a meeting held to devise a means of commemorating the long and brilliant administration of Sir Bartle Frere when he was called to the Viceroy’s Council in 1859. A sum of Rs22,500 was raised through subscription for this purpose, and designs for a public hall were invited. Out of the twelve designs submitted, Lieutenant-Colonel St Clair Wilson's design was selected. Construction began in 1863, and the hall was officially opened in 1865 by Samuel Mansfield, the Commissioner of Sindh time, although it was not entirely complete. The total cost of construction amounted to approximately Rs180,000, with the government contributing Rs10,000 and the municipality covering the remaining balance. Out of twelve submitted designs, the one by Lt. Col. St. Clair Wilson was chosen for Frere Hall.

Venetian Gothic Style of Frere Hall, Karachi

Frere Hall's design embodies the Indo-Gothic architectural style, characterized by pointed arches, vaulted ceilings, and intricate stone carvings. This style was popular among British colonial architects and aimed to blend traditional Gothic elements with local architectural influences. Initially used as a library for British Indian soldiers, Frere Hall eventually became a monumental tribute to Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere. Over the years, it has undergone several transformations to serve various cultural and civic purposes. The hall's ceiling is adorned with "Arz-o-Samawat," a mural painted by the renowned artist Sadequain, making it a significant cultural landmark.

Interior of Frere Hall, Karachi

The ground floor houses the Liaquat National Library, named after Pakistan's first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan. This library is one of the largest in Karachi, containing over seventy thousand books, including rare manuscripts, newspapers, dictionaries, atlases, and technical books. It continues to serve as a vital resource for scholars and the general public.

Bagh-e-Jinnah: The Surrounding Gardens

Frere Hall is surrounded by Bagh-e-Jinnah, formerly known as Frere Hall Gardens. This expansive garden enhances the building's grandeur and serves as a beautiful showcase for visitors. Within the garden are historically valuable structures, including the Eduiji Dinshaw fountain and an old cast iron birdbath. These elements add to the historical and aesthetic value of the site, making it a popular spot for both locals and tourists.

The Sadequain Gallery

One of the most notable features of Frere Hall is the Sadequain Gallery. In the 1980s, the acclaimed artist Sadequain traveled to Pakistan with a mission to promote art in his country. Before his involvement, this section of Frere Hall served as a theatre, which eventually gave way to a museum. The museum continued to operate until Sadequain began his work.

Sadequain Gallery and Painting 'Arz o Samawat'

Sadequain's contribution to Frere Hall is immortalized in the mural "Arz-o-Samawat," which adorns the ceiling. Work on this mural began in 1986, but it was left incomplete due to Sadequain's untimely death on February 10, 1987. Despite its unfinished state, the mural remains a masterpiece, showcasing Sadequain's unique style and artistic vision.

Frere Hall stands as a testament to Karachi's rich colonial history and its ongoing cultural significance. The building's architecture and the surrounding gardens reflect the historical context of British colonial rule while also serving as a hub for cultural activities and public gatherings.

The hall's evolution from a colonial town hall to a vibrant cultural space highlights the dynamic nature of Karachi's urban landscape. It serves as a reminder of the city's colonial past while also embracing its present role as a center of art and learning.