The Pacco Qilo, located in Hyderabad, Sindh, is a fort dating back to the Kalhoro era.

 It was constructed in 1768 under the rule of Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro, the fifth Kalhora ruler of Sindh

The Kalhoras governed Sindh from 1701 to 1783, marking a period of indigenous rule that followed the decline of Mughal authority in Sindh

Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhora was the fifth Kalhora ruler. Upon ascending the throne, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro sought to establish a new capital for Sindh.

The fort was constructed using pakki (burnt) bricks, a feature that gave it the name Pacco Qilo in Sindhi and Pakka Qila in Urdu

The fort spans an area of approximately 14.56 hectares and is strategically positioned on a hill, making it visible from a considerable distance.

The fortification wall, which extends about 2.5 kilometers in circumference, stands at a height ranging from 12 to 15 meters.

 Rapid urban encroachment and unchecked construction activities pose a severe threat to the preservation of the fort.

Constructed using bricks measuring 25.5 x 17.75 x 3.80 centimeters and laid in mud mortar, the fort’s walls exhibit a tapered design, with the base measuring approximately 1.52 meters in width while gradually narrowing towards the top

Despite its rich history and architectural significance, the fort faces ongoing threats due to urban expansion and neglect.